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Joint joint

The surfaces of the bones that make up the joints are covered with a special hyaline cartilage - smooth, ensuring the lowest frictional force during the motor skills of the joint surfaces.If arthrosis is diagnosed, this means that the cartilage is in the process of destruction.

Continuing, the devastating process refers to the bones and then the joint capsule.The disease has a universal code according to ICD 10-M15-M19 and is counted on the pathologies of bone muscle and connective tissues.

According to medical statistics, 12% of the world's population suffers from osteoarthritis, most of which are elderly, 65 years old.However, every year there is a worrying tendency to increase the number of patients.The diagnosis is not fatal, but arthrosis is misunderstood with relapses and threatening total disability.

The mechanism of the event

The disease develops gradually, four sections are conditionally distinguished:

  1. Initially, an area that is shipped with blood or damaged is displayed in the cartilage area.In the presence of traumatic factors, the region is not restored, but on the contrary.
  2. The body, which tries to restore the destructive cartilage, replaces the damaged areas with a mineralized tissue that has no clear structure.Such tissue usually lowerly replaces smooth, sliding and elastic hyaline cartilage.
  3. Gradually the surface of the cartilage is placed in scars and bone growth - osteophytes.
  4. The healthy areas of the load has grown several times, wearing very quickly, and as a result the whole cartilage becomes a great scar.

If the pathological process is not stopped, the joint will undergo the following harmful changes:

  • The bones are involved in the process of destruction;
  • The synovial peel is inflamed;
  • The joint capsule becomes thicker, losing its elasticity;
  • The lumen of the joint gap decreases rapidly;
  • Bones, without fighting friction, are deformed like the joint;
  • The tissues of the joint are reborn, thus losing the possibility of movement completely.

Arthritis

Normal joint and joint

This disease affects absolute any joint surface!However, despite the same mechanism of pathology, it is classified into several types.

So, depending on which joints are sick, they are distinguished:

  • The knee joint or patellofmoral arthrosis arthrosis (shortened gonarthrosis);
  • Hip arthrosis (shortened coxarthosis);
  • The shoulder joint joint joint;
  • interface arthrosis;
  • Arthrosis of the ankle joint;
  • The hands are joint;
  • cervical arthrosis;
  • jaw arthrosis;
  • The plusnefalanx joint is arthrosis;
  • joint arthrosis;
  • keyboard acrocomial arthrosis;
  • temporal arthrosis;
  • The corner is joint;
  • arc arthrosis that affects the curves of the vertebrae (shortened spondylarthrosis);
  • Arthrosis of the spine joint;
  • Unkovevertural arthrosis;
  • Arthrosis of the ribs;
  • Taran arthrosis.

It is distinguished according to the characteristics of the pathological process of cartilage:

  • Deformation of arthrosis is the name of the disease that has been placed in the (final) phase of the terminal;
  • Artrosoarthritis - the presence of the classic inflammatory process;
  • chronic;
  • Acute arthrosis.

Due to the occurrence of pathology:

  • Distrophic arthrosis of joints associated with critical metabolism;
  • Fracture arthrosis is caused by appropriate injuries;
  • Post -trauma arthrosis.

There is another classification - by whether the disease is independent -e or provocative factors caused by:

  • Primary, a perfectly healthy cartilage, another name - idiopathic arthrosis or age -related senile changes;
  • Secondary - for many reasons.

Joint symptoms

There are quite typical typical typical signs of all localizations that differ in their severity depending on the degree of pathology:

  • pain, pain, high humidity and increased hypothermia;
  • decrease in joint mobility;
  • crispy, squeaking and crossing sounds in the movement of joint surfaces;
  • external changes in the outline of the joint;
  • swelling and swelling;
  • Redness of the skin.

Pain

Due to the initial signs of violations, it may feel weak or moderate, short -term pain, which almost never occurs at night, but usually only appears with the burden on the joint surface.

When the inflammatory processes move to the last stage, the patient feels unbearable, "gnawing" pain due to blood stagnation and increasing pressure of the joint bag.Pain is long duration, at any time of the sun, whether the affected area is in the rest or movement.

The snacking of the joint

This symptom is typical of a fairly neglected disease.At the same time, in the early stages, the patient still feels after waking up, discomfort when he moves in the form of a restriction.

With the progress of destructive reactions, the patient notices:

  • Limit the amplitude of the usual movements;
  • the inability to change the position of the limbs in a resting position, even to attempt to manually displacement of the joint;
  • Strong fixing (contracture) in a certain position of the joint, which was a long period of motor activity.

Finally, in the fourth phase of pathology, anchilosis develops in the form of replacement of joint tissues into scars, with a complete loss of functionality.

Sounds in the joint

Crunching is accompanied by any dysfunction of bones and cartilage, not only caused by arthosis.

However, this disease is typical to sound:

  • It only arises in the sore joint;
  • accompanied by the difficulties of movement;
  • It is capable of increasing the progress of pathology and becomes anchilosis.

To change the appearance of the joint

There are noticeable changes in later stages.So the axis of the affected limb is curved and the joint region itself is distorted - increases in size, and the form is ugly.

This indicates that the irreversible destruction of the joint, which has no new tissue inside, has no certain structure.

When such a pathogenic process has arisen in the knee, this means that the load and plusnoplange joints increase the load on the ankle joints, which will damage them over time.

The joint reasons

Pathology can occur in a single joint and spread to more.This disease is least likely to occur at a youth - vitality is still sufficient to commit suicide.

Nevertheless

  • Internal - some diseases, bad habits, unbalanced nutrition, etc.;
  • External, - injuries, professional factor.

The internal causes of arthritis trigger a negative change in the form of arthritis.Distinguishing inflammation of different origins:

  • infectious (koch bowel and wand, viruses, chlamydia, staphylococcus, pale treponema, etc.);
  • rheumatism;
  • Purulent arthritis;
  • autoimmune nature;
  • gout;
  • psoriasis.

In addition, the causes of internal exposure include a congenital or acquired violation of the structure of cartilage and the structure of malnutrition that can be associated with:

  • genetic errors and mutations;
  • Intrauterine development disorders, including perinatal injuries;
  • old age;
  • osteoporosis, that is, to "wash" from the bone tissue of the components of the elements;
  • hormonal disorders and overload including menopause;
  • violation of normal metabolism;
  • disadvantage in nutrition of vitamins and trace elements;
  • diseases that attract muscle weakness;
  • Internal long -lasting intoxication.

Many diseases of the muscle bone system also include degeneration of cartilage.

The external causes of the development of the disease are factors that damage the joint:

  • frequent hypothermia;
  • dislocations;
  • strong blows;
  • fractures;
  • Menisc injections;
  • strong physical activity (such as weight lifting);
  • Professional sport;
  • Surgery joint intervention.

Articular

According to the clinical manifestations of the disease and the process of progression of the disease, the four stages of arthrosis are distinguished:

  1. Degrees 1 arthrosis, this is the initial stage of arthrosis, characterized by hidden symptoms in the form of negative changes in the composition of synovial fluid and weakening of the muscle fibers, if only by physical effort;
  2. Degree 2 this is the result of the destructive joints of the bones and the formation of osteophytes, reflex neurotrophic regulation, and a hearing crunch;
  3. Celsius 3 arthrosis is characterized by significant degenerative changes in the joint, visible deformation with the curvature of the limb axis, the league is shortened, and the joint is pathologically mobile;
  4. Degree arthrosis is complete ankylosis, complete contracture and severe pain at rest.

All four sections are uneven: sharp aggravations and remission moments are possible during the pathological period.

Treatment of joint treatment

Clinically, treatment and prevention are being eliminated in the form of provocative factors of hyaline cartilage damage, although they do not eliminate the disease in the initial stages, but to stop its development and restore the functionality of the joint.

Basically, small and medium severity diseases are treated with conservative methods.In the case of severe destruction of the cartilage, which results in the destruction of the bones, surgical endoprostics indicate.

In fact, the basic principle of treatment:

  • A comprehensive approach that involves the use of many therapeutic methods;
  • The concentration of efforts to eliminate the disease and a disease provoking the consequences.

Treatment with folk medicine

This is treated comprehensively, but you can also use the healing recipes of people's healers at home who effectively treat health problems through herbs and beekeeping products.

Used from plants:

  • Wage leaves in the form of decoction, vodkan and specially prepared oil, directly to the area of inflammation;
  • Treatment of arthrosis with honey has been proven as a reliable local potion in the form of rubber removal and nourishes the skin, muscles and cartilage;
  • Cabbage leaf - better than white cabbage - is slightly soulful and wrapped with a sore spot, on top of wool tissue insulated and kept all night;
  • Aloe juice in compression form and rubbing in the skin;

It also helps to turk the arthrosis of the knee joint: the disc is tied to the sore spot that is insulated all night.

The joint preparations

Medication for the classic method of treatment is divided into medicines depending on the form of dosage used:

  • external use, ointment in the form of arthrosis, rubbing, creams;
  • injections;
  • tablets of joint;
  • Capsules.

Ointment

The pharmacological industry produces medical ointments based on natural, very active components:

  • Vishnevsky ointment;
  • Heparin ointment.

The Vestaren tool containing 1% diclofenac helps well: it is applied to the skin in the form of a Voltaren gel.

Injections

Injections have been very good in the treatment not only intravenous and intramuscularly, but also directly to the drugs, such as the drugs of the non -sertoid group.

So intraarticular injections are led into damaged joint tissues:

  • Glucocorticoids that improve the nutrition of cartilage tissue, which relieve inflammation and increase elasticity - diprospan, hydrocortisone, etc.
  • Condroprotectors and analogues of intraarticular fluid, - singular, carbon;
  • Hyaluronic acid as a lubricant and analgesic.

Preparations in the form of tablets and capsules

In the arthrosis containing the structural elements of the hyalin cartilage, so -called chondroprotectors are treated and thus restored.

These drugs are produced in the form of tablets and capsules, which are intended for (orally) oral administration via the gastrointestinal tract.In addition, patients are prescribed for NSAIDs -anti -inflammatory drugs for the arthrosis of the non -steroid group, stopping acute pain and alleviating aggravation.

Anesthesia is also used in the form of novocaine blockade.

In addition, complex vitamins for joint vitamins.

Natural drugs for local action are recommended for medical bile, which is applied to the skin in a compression form.

The joint exercises

Special exercises and therapeutic gymnastics (physical therapy), the complex of which provides physical activity in the unhealthy part of the body.

Dr. Bubnovsky and Evdokimenko have developed a complex of their own therapeutic exercises.

Massage with arthrosis

It has a very beneficial effect on treatment and medical massage, which improves microcirculation and nutrition of deep tissues.

Diet with arthrosis

In this state, it is important to follow the right, rational diet to slightly improve the patient's condition.It is recommended abstinence from overdose, exclusion of animal fats and fried foods.

Which doctor treats Arthrosv first and foremost to the therapist with complaints from the pain of the bone joints.He was the one to summarize the patient's history and asked him in detail, would give a transfer to the narrow specialist he wanted.

Depending on the cause and type of disease, doctors such as:

  • orthopedic doctor;
  • traumatologist;
  • surgeon;
  • rheumatologist.